Biblical Baptism
By Jay Cavaiani- Written 6/18/2008, revised 7/24
Nearly every
scripture that mentions baptism was examined during research for this report.
The goal of this summary report and our ministry is to understand biblical baptism and
be obedient to its instruction.
Summary Position on Baptism
Why get baptized?
Baptism is a
frequently demonstrated event modeled by the early church and followers of
Jesus. It is God’s prescribed way
of expressing one’s faith and
commitment to Jesus. It is a great act of obedience to Jesus and a physical way
to reveal that one trusts in Jesus as Savior and Lord. It is
also a special way of identifying with Christ’s death and
resurrection for the believer and symbolizes your acceptance of Christ’s sacrifice and
victory over sin and death. It also could be described as a special ceremony where one comes before God to commit to faith to Jesus. In baptism,
you are celebrating what Christ has done for you on the cross, thereby forgiving you
of your sin, and you committing to death to your former way of life and making a
pledge to live a new life for Christ’s Kingdom
purposes.
Personal Baptism Testimony of Reverend Jay.
I was raised in a traditional church and baptized as an infant. I never really understood the Gospel and stopped attending church in my late teens. I became a believer in Christ in my mid 20’s (1996) and afterward learned about believer baptism. I was baptized as a believer when I was about 30. Since that time, I have felt that there was not much merit for infant baptism. Although I think the bible very clearly supports the decisions I made regarding baptism, there are some household baptisms in the Bible, which some argue could include infants, but infants being baptized is never clearly indicated. Baptism can be a sensitive topic, and I aim to handle it sensitively and follow His Word accurately. I hope you check out the report and the Bible for yourself.
A couple of quick questions and answers
Is baptism required for salvation? Although some scriptures could be interpreted this way, many others refer to salvation coming to those who believe without mentioning baptism.
Is baptism necessary for receiving the Holy Spirit? Although the Holy Spirit was manifested in the lives of baptized people, there are many other occasions where the Holy Spirit came upon believers without baptism. Additionally, baptism was done so often immediately after someone believed and was saved that it would be hard to differentiate the time of belief from baptism.
What is the way baptism is most frequently demonstrated? In the Bible, baptism is repeatedly and often referenced as a response and action that immediately follows someone’s decision to believe in Jesus. Today many churches do altar calls; however; if water is available, it would be more biblically accurate to baptize immediately.
Are infants baptized in the bible? There are no occasions in the Old and New Testaments where infants are mentioned as being baptized. There is some mention in scripture of households being baptized, referenced in this report. Some theorize that infants or children participated in this baptism, but the scriptures do not mention this.
Why are you calling it a ceremony? While doing this research, I also read a commentary about baptism as a ceremony. When you read scripture on baptism, the ceremony describes it well. It appears in scripture several times where the believer, in obedience, follows through with an action reflecting their faith. Many times, it has a feeling of being ceremonial, as it was even during Jesus' baptism. Similar to marriage, we could sign a paper and be married, yet we typically and perhaps more appropriately do it in the context of a ceremony. Ceremony, as a word, is not mentioned in the Bible. Still, after reading what the Bible, most agree that baptism could be accurately described as a ceremony celebrating, demonstrating, symbolizing, and acting upon one’s faith decision.
Is it a public declaration of faith? It can be, but the most important declaration is an act of obedience to Jesus. I have heard general indications given as the reason people get baptized. I think it is just as special if you met with the person baptizing you in the presence of the almighty Father and, out of obedience, reverence, and love for Him, got baptized to identify with Him and his death and resurrection for you. It was demonstrated this way in the bible (Philip and the Eunuch, Paul and Ananias). When I read scripture, baptism is more about your relationship with Jesus and a personal commitment to Him. Now, if you keep that focus of doing it for Jesus in mind which is done in the presence of family, friends, and others, that is awesome and biblical. It may be an excellent evangelism tool, and I am all for that, but remember, first and foremost, your dedicated life to Jesus.
Some References to Baptism in Scripture
Baptism as a
symbol and pledge:
1 Peter 3:13-22= In verse 21, “…and this water symbolizes baptism that now saves you
also”— In this passage, Peter uses symbolism from Noah’s family who were saved from the rising waters and that
water baptism is a symbol of being saved by God. He also says that it is a pledge
of a good conscious
towards God. Lastly, in this passage, Peter says we are saved because of the
resurrection of Jesus Christ. When reading about other baptism passages,
we can learn from this that baptism symbolizes our acceptance of Jesus’ death
and resurrection; in it, we pledge to God.
Jesus was
baptized as an adult:
Matthew 3:15 Jesus was baptized by John the Baptist at the start of his ministry at the age of around 30. The fact that Jesus was baptized is a good example to his followers.
The Immediacy of
Baptism in the early church:
Acts 2:38-41 After Peter finished preaching a message very soon after Jesus’ ascension, Peter said the following. “Repent and be baptized, every one of you, in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of your sins. And you will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit. The promise is for you, your children, and all who are far off—for all whom the Lord our God will call.” With many other words he warned them; and pleaded with them, “Save yourselves from this corrupt generation.” Those who accepted his message were baptized, and about three thousand were added to their number that day.
We can learn
here that those who accepted the Gospel message were baptized and
even baptized on the same day. We also saw a note regarding children being baptized,
which I will comment on later. Nowhere does the bible mention an infant being baptized, but it
could be argued that it did occur here or within some households that got baptized
together. Clearly, in the early church (as recorded in the Book of Acts),
baptism is
predominantly
mentioned for people who believe. There is no reference to a common practice of
baptizing infants. (More on this later.)
An example of
the Holy Spirit being evident before baptism:
Acts 10 To get the full flavor, it would be good to read the whole chapter. In summary, God comes to a family of Gentiles who, as a people group, were generally looked down upon because they were not from God’s original chosen people. But when this man, Cornelius, and others hear the message of Christ, they receive the Holy Spirit. Then, in verses 47 and 48, Peter says, “Can anyone keep these people from being baptized with water? They have received the Holy Spirit just as we have.” So he ordered that they be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ.
From this, we can see that one can have the Holy Spirit, a mark of being saved, without baptism. Yet, even though they already had the Holy Spirit, Peter felt it was vital that they get baptized.
Support for
getting rebaptized and as an act of obedience to your decision to believe in
Christ:
Acts 18:24-19:7 This is a very rich passage with much that could be inferred from it regarding
getting baptized as a believer even if you were baptized earlier. Please read
the story for yourself.
“Did you receive the Holy Spirit when you believed?” They
answered, “No, we have not even heard that there is a Holy
Spirit.” So Paul asked, “Then what baptism did you receive?” “John’s
Baptism,” they replied. (Referring to John the Baptist's
baptism) Paul said, “John’s baptism was a baptism of
repentance. He told the people to believe in the one coming after him, that is
in Jesus.” On hearing this, they were baptized into the name of the Lord Jesus
Christ.
After they were
baptized, Paul then laid his hands on them, and they received the Holy Spirit.
There is much to
discern from this passage. First, these people trying to follow Jesus still
needed the Holy Spirit. The verse just prior called these men disciples.
Additionally, these men were baptized before this baptism but still needed to receive the Holy Spirit. John the Baptist’s baptism was one of repentance, and
his baptism referred to a time before Jesus’ death, resurrection, and ascension
into heaven. Similarly, some have been baptized in the past but did not understand the Gospel or even know of the Holy
Spirit when they were baptized. In those instances, just like these men, a strong argument can be made
to be baptized again with a proper understanding of the meaning of the Gospel,
the Holy Spirit, and baptism.
Household
Baptisms (infants?):
Acts 18:7, 8, and 16:13-34 three households are
baptized together in these two passages. Three households are baptized together in these two passages. Although there is no mention of children or infants,
some make the case that children or even infants could have been baptized, but that is not clear from scripture. All of
the stories are very similar. Someone believed in the message of Jesus and
immediately was baptized with those in their household. When combining all of these
passages, it could be argued that if the leader of a family, either male or
female (you will understand if you read the passages), accepts the gospel message of Jesus
by faith, they then could have their whole family baptized. Scripturally based on these household baptism passages, a good
affirming argument for this position could be made. However, there are some
precautions and some prerequisites to consider. Although i don't seek to demonstrate this practice, I think it should only be considered when the family leader trusts Christ and gets baptized together with the family, as was the case in all these circumstances. Putting that point aside, the bigger question is, was the family's leader a believer in Jesus Christ at the time of the baptism, and was the baptizer a believer in the Lord Jesus Christ? In all of these instances, this would be true. If either the parent leader was not a true believer or the baptizer was not a true believer, I would be concerned about baptism. I don't believe this is the best practice, but rather, the best practice is individuals getting baptized when they are old enough to chose Christ personally. i mention these household passages because they are in the Bible, and the Bible is superior to my feelings or opinion.
In practice, I have seen many younger children who were baptized and, of course, many infants who were baptized later wanting to get rebaptized because they now know they did not understand their prior baptism. This is one of the problems with baptizing too young. A better practice would be to wait until a person is mature enough to believe on their own when they get baptized. What are we to do in these instances, that is, when someone gets baptized young and later does not think it was legit? Should they get rebaptized? I believe the best answer is yes. If those men in Acts 19, previously mentioned, were baptized twice in the Bible, why not others who may have been baptized before their complete understanding of the Gospel by baptized again if they feel spiritually led to do so? If this is done in honor of Jesus, His name would be glorified. For young people and even older adults who have never experienced a ceremony of their own personal baptism, it is good and healthy for them to get water baptized as both a commitment to Christ and a special memory of their commitment.
The Apostle Paul
was immediately baptized after he believed.
Acts 9 Paul was a Jew who followed the scriptures intently. Once he heard about Jesus, he was baptized by a believer named Ananias. Paul then went on to write over half the New Testament.
Baptism as your
identification of Christ’s death for you:
These two passages
show that when you get baptized, it symbolizes your dying to your old life and
rising to new life in Jesus. We can’t
live underwater, so baptism identifies with Jesus’ death
and death to our old way of living and a rising to new life in Jesus’ name. In
this way, it is also a symbol of rising to eternal life one day.
Romans 6:3, 4 “Or don’t you know that
all of us who were baptized into Christ Jesus were baptized into his death? We were
therefore buried with him through baptism into death in order that, just as
Christ was raised for the dead through the glory of the Father, we too may live
new life.
Colossians 2:12 … having been buried with him in baptism and raised with him through your faith in the power of God, who raised him from the dead.
Jesus commanded
us to go make disciples, baptize, and teach others:
The Great
Commission: Matthew 28: 16-21
This is one of
the core verses of our ministry. It is one of the last occasions Jesus had with his
disciples before ascending to heaven. This is where he told them what He wanted
them to go and do. It is clear that if you want to be a disciple of Jesus, you should get baptized.
Then Jesus came and said to them. “Therefore, go and make disciples of all
nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and the Holy
Spirit, and teaching them to obey everything I have commanded you. And surely I
am with you always, to the very end of the age.”
How does the
bible demonstrate baptism:
Acts 8: 26-40 Philip and the Ethiopian. Philip hears someone reading scripture and goes to
explain the scripture and the Gospel to the person. Philip
must have also likely shared with the man about baptism because when Philip
finishes, the man says,
“Look, here is water. Why shouldn’t I be baptized?” And he gave orders to stop the
chariot. Then Philip and the eunuch went down into the water, and Philip
baptized him. When they came up out of the water, the Spirit of the Lord
suddenly took Philip away, and the eunuch did not see him again but went on his
way rejoicing.
Matthew
3:16 Jesus Baptism
As soon as Jesus
was baptized he went up out of the water. At that moment heaven was opened, and
he saw the Spirit of God descending like a dove and lighting on him. And a
voice from heaven said, “This is my Son, whom I love; with him I am well
pleased.
In both
scriptures, it appears that the person being baptized came in and out of the water.
That is why many churches, including our ministry, believe that the
demonstrated method of baptism is submersion, simply meaning that the person
being baptized in one motion goes down and up again in and out of the water. Is
this a critical issue? Likely not, but why not perform baptism as closely as
demonstrated?
For your
reference, here are some other scriptures that mention baptism:
1 Cor. 1:10-16,
Acts 18:8, John 4:2 (the disciples baptizing early on), Mark 10:38
Additional Reading
This topic is
more controversial and can be a bit confusing, but should be addressed in doing a report and
thorough
research on baptism.
What is the
baptism of the Holy Spirit?
Baptism of the
Holy Spirit happens when a person genuinely believes in Jesus as Lord and
Savior and then receives the Holy Spirit. It is shown that Holy Spirit Baptism
(spiritual baptism) comes upon people who believe regardless of water baptism.
Sometimes, Holy Spirit baptism and water baptism come simultaneously because, for that person, their
first true faith decision came when they were getting water baptized. Sometimes, the bible indicates that Holy Spirit baptism happens before water baptism. This is simply because the Holy Spirit enters a man or woman during their
genuine faith decision/conversion. However, as this report will indicate, the Bible is still clear that water baptism is prescribed, even if
someone already has believed and received the Holy Spirit.
Some people and
churches believe that the gift
of speaking in tongues shows evidence of Holy Spirit baptism. This needs to be shown to be consistent in the
scriptures or our experience today. Many people in the Bible and today are
given the Holy Spirit when they believe without the gift of
speaking in tongues. Some scriptures could be interpreted that there is a Holy
Spirit baptism where someone places their hands on you and prays for you to
receive the gifts of the Spirit. Two scriptures used to support this is
Acts 18:24-19:7 and Acts 8:9-25. In the first mentioned earlier, some men were called disciples but still needed the
Spirit. Then when Paul baptized and placed his hands on them, they received the
Holy Spirit and began to speak in tongues and prophecy. Some churches and
people believe that speaking in
tongues is an outward sign that you had the special baptism of the Holy
Spirit, which they claim is different from the regular water baptism that occurred
when people believed. Although the Bible can be shown to support this, when
looking at the whole counsel of God’s
Word, there is ample evidence to refute this.
In the case of
men from Acts 19, they had never even heard
of the Holy Spirit before their second water baptism. It is difficult to see how they could have previously
understood the Gospel properly without ever hearing of the Holy Spirit. With that
being said, it could be argued strongly that these men were not yet saved until
they understood the Gospel more adequately, and that is why the Spirit was not
given to them earlier but was now given to Paul.
In another
example, in Acts 8, there was a man named Simon and others who were said to
have believed and were water baptized. Yet, when other disciples showed up,
they found these men without the Holy Spirit. They then laid hands on these
believers and received the Holy Spirit. This
passage does not mention speaking of tongues, but they did receive the Holy
Spirit by laying on hands. When reading scripture, it does need to be looked at
as a whole. If everyone were to speak in tongues through the Baptism of the
Spirit and laying on of hands, then these people would have received this gift.
Those reading this report, especially those fond of speaking in tongues, might
find it interesting that I was prayed over and had hands laid upon me by
several people who claim to speak in tongues. Many years later, I do not have
the gift of speaking in tongues. If you read 1 Cor. 12, you will see that Paul
indicates that we all have different gifts from God, and what gift you receive
is up to his will.
1Co 12:11 NASB95 - But the same Spirit works all these things,
distributing to each one individually just as He wills.
1 Corinthians 12 also reveals that only some people who are baptized in the Spirit will speak in
tongues. The answer to each of these questions is clearly, no.
1Co 12:28-31 NASB95 - 28 And God has appointed in the church, first
apostles, second prophets, third teachers, then miracles, then gifts of
healings, helps, administrations, [various] kinds of tongues. 29 All are not
apostles, are they? All are not prophets, are they? All are not teachers, are
they? All are not [workers of] miracles, are they? 30 All do not have gifts
of healings, do they? All do not speak with tongues, do they? All do not
interpret, do they?
With that said,
we should be open to whatever gift God chooses to give us.
1Co 14:1a NASB95 - Pursue love, yet desire earnestly spiritual
[gifts,]…
In the end, I
will summarize this by saying that I think it is appropriate for someone to
place their hands on you and pray for you that God may grant any special gift
that God may have for you. When I baptize with water, I also lay a hand on water-baptized people and pray for them to receive the Holy Spirit and
whatever gift God may give. This is the best Biblical example.
I believe
spiritual gifts are real, as evidenced in the Bible, and that they exist today. At our church, we believe that God can still do whatever He
desires. Unfortunately, some can emphasize spiritual gifts in a way that pressures or manipulates them instead of receiving them as a gift from God. That is
inappropriate and something we do not do.
There is a
website called Got Questions www.gotquestions.org that does a great job on many topics. The issue
being discussed here is called Continuationism or Cessationism. Continuationism
states that any gift mentioned in the Bible can still exist today. Cessationism
is the belief that specific sign gifts have ceased. At our church, we lean
toward Continuationism, but we do this cautiously and with reverence. We don’t believe we should state that God cannot do something
today.
Summary Position on Baptism
Why get baptized?
Baptism is a
frequently demonstrated event modeled by the early church and followers of
Jesus. It is God’s prescribed way
of expressing one’s faith and
commitment to Jesus. It is a great act of obedience to Jesus and a physical way
to reveal that one
trusts in Jesus as Savior and Lord. It is also a
special way of identifying with Christ’s death and
resurrection for the believer and symbolizes your acceptance of Christ’s sacrifice and victory over sin and death for you. It
also could be described as a special ceremony where one comes before God to commit to faith in Jesus. In baptism, you are celebrating what
Christ did for you on the cross, thereby forgiving you of your sin, committing
to death to your former way of life and making a pledge to live a new life for
Christ’s Kingdom
purposes.